14.Strobe Talbott,"Mikhail Gorbachev and George Bush:The Summit Goodfellas,"Time,August5,1991.
15.Beschloss and Talbott,At the Highest Levels,405-406.
16.Jane's Strategic Weapons Systems,issue50,ed.Duncan Lennox(Surrey,2009),161-163;"Study Details Catastrophic Impact of Nuclear Attack on US Cities,"Space War,March23,2007,[domain].
17.Pavel Palazhchenko,My Years with Gorbachev and Shevardnadze:The Memoir of a Soviet Interpreter(University Park,PA,1997),292-293;Bush and Scowcroft,A World Transformed,508-509;"Beseda Gorbacheva s Dzh.Bushem v Londone,17iiulia1991goda,"in V Politbiuro TsK KPSS po zapisiam Anatoliia Cherniaeva,Vadima Medvedeva,Georgiia Shakhnazarova(1985-1991)(Moscow,2000),695-696.
18."Memorandum of Conversation.Extended Bilateral Meeting with Mikhail Gorbachev of the USSR,July30,1991,"Bush Presidential Library,Memcons and Telcons,[domain].
19.Bush and Scowcroft,A World Transformed,511-512;David Remnick,"All Substance,No Style Makes a Dull Summit:Businesslike Bush Forsakes the Flourishes,"Washington Post,July31,1991.20.Goodman,"Summit Image,"New York Times,August1,1991.
21.Remnick,"All Substance,No Style";Ann Devroy,"First Lady:Bush Must Run Again:'For Country's Sake,S'he Tells Interviewers,"Washington Post,August1,1991;White House,Office of the Press Secretary,Interview of Ms.Bush by Steve Fox,ABC,July31,1991,Bush Presidential Library,Presidential Records,National Security Council,Nicholas R.Burns and Ed A.Hewett Files:POTUS Meetings March1991-July1991:Moscow Summit,July1991,no.1.
22."Raisa Maksimovna Gorbachev,"Trip of President Bush to Moscow and Kiev,July30-August1,1991;Raisa Gorbacheva,Ia nadeius'(Moscow,1991);Anatolii Cherniaev and Vitalii Gusenkov,Memo for Mikhail Gorbachev on the Program of His Visit to the United States from May29to June4,1990,Gorbachev Foundation Archive,fond2,no.8288.1;Anatolii Cherniaev,Sovmestnyi iskhod.Dnevnik dvukh?pokh,1972-1991gody(Moscow,2008),939;"Raisa Gorbachev to Join Barbara Bush at Wellesley,"Harvard Crimson,May18,1990;"Wellesley Students Hail Raisa Gorbachev,"New York Times,May20,1990.
23.Barbara Bush,Address to Soviet Children,July1991,Trip of President Bush to Moscow and Kiev,July30-August1,1991;Francis X.Clines,"Red Square Is Beautiful.That's Agreed,"New York Times,July31,1991;J.Y.Smith,"Raisa Gorbachev,Activist First Lady Dies,"Washington Post,September20,1999;Barbara Bush,"Eulogy:Raisa Gorbachev,"Time,October4,1999.
24.Beschloss and Talbott,At the Highest Levels,415;Galina Markova,Bol'shoi kremlevskii dvorets(Moscow,1981).
25.Bush and Scowcroft,A World Transformed,514;"Remarks by President Gorbachev and President Bush at the Signing Ceremony for the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks Treaty in Moscow,31July1991,"Bush Presidential Library,Public Papers,[domain].
26.Bush and Scowcroft,A World Transformed,514;R.W.Apple Jr.,"Summit in Moscow:Bush and Gorbachev Sign Pact to Curtail Nuclear Arsenals,Join in Call for Mid-East Talks,"New York Times,August1,1991.
27.Mikhail Gorbachev,Memoirs(New York,1995),624.
28.Gorbachev,Memoirs,624;Cherniaev,Sovmestnyi iskhod,968-969.
29.Internal Points for Bessmertnykh Meeting,July28,1991,James A.Baker Papers,box110,folder5;Bush and Scowcroft,A World Transformed,514-515.
30.Esther B.Fein,"Summit in Moscow:The God(of Technology)That Failed,"New York Times,August1,1991.
宴会上的不速之客
1.Strobe Talbott,"Mikhail Gorbachev and George Bush:The Summit Goodfellas,"Time,August5,1991;"At Big Moment,Little Earpiece Fails,"New York Times,August1,1991.
2.George Bush and Brent Scowcroft,A World Transformed(New York,1998),514-515;"Toasts at a Dinner Hosted by President Bush in Moscow,31July1991,"Bush Presidential Library,Public Papers,[domain].
3.Bush and Scowcroft,A World Transformed,510-514;Pavel Palazhchenko,My Years with Gorbachev and Shevardnadze:The Memoir of a Soviet Interpreter(University Park,PA,1997),305-306;"Dmitriy Timofeyevich Yazov,"The Trip of President Bush to Moscow and Kiev,July30-August1,1991,Bush Presidential Library.
4.Mikhail Gorbachev,Memoirs(New York,1995),624-625;Palazhchenko,My Years,300-301;Michael R.Beschloss and Strobe Talbott,At the Highest Levels:The Inside Story of the End of the Cold War(Boston,1993),413;Bush and Scowcroft,A World Transformed,512;Jack Matlock,Autopsy on an Empire:The American Ambassador's Account of the Collapse of the Soviet Union(NewYork,1994),564.
5.Gorbachev,Memoirs,624-625;Palazhchenko,My Years,300-301;Beschloss and Talbott,At the Highest Levels,413;Bush and Scowcroft,A World Transformed,512;Jerry Seib,"Pool Report no.11.Bush,Gorbachev-and Yeltsin-Go to Dinner.Moscow,USSR,Tuesday,July30,1991,”
Bush Presidential Library,Presidential Records,National Security Council,Nicholas R.Burns Files,Subject Files:Moscow Summit-Press Releases,Fact Sheets,Remarks,no.2;Matlock,Autopsy on an Empire,564.
6.关于叶利钦的传记，参见Timothy J.Colton,Yeltsin:A Life(New York,2008),and Leon Aron,Yeltsin:A Revolutionary Life(New York,2000).Cf.Boris Yeltsin,The Struggle for Russia,trans.Catherine A.Fitzpatrick(New York,1994).
7."Boris Nikolaevitch Yeltsin,"The Trip of President Bush to Moscow and Kiev,July30-August1,1991,Bush Presidential Library.
8.Colton,Yeltsin,183-184;Petr Aven and Al'fred Kokh,"El'tsin sluzhil nam!,"interview with Gennadii Burbulis,Forbes(Russian edition),July22,2010,[domain] Cherniaev,Sovmestnyi iskhod.Dnevnik dvukh?pokh,1972-1991gody(Moscow,2008),862-863,968;Gorbachev,Memoirs,601-602.
10.Oleg Shenin,"Ot partii zhdut?nergichnykh deistvii,"draft of a speech delivered at a meeting of secretaries of republican,regional,and oblast committees,January24,1991,Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv noveishei istorii(Russian State Archives of Recent History,hereafter RGANI),fond89,op.23,no.2,25-26.
11."TsK KPSS.Ob obstanovke v partiinoi organizatsii sovetskikh uchrezhdenii v g.Zheneva(Shveitsariia),"RGANI,fond89,op.20,no.23,1-6;Economic Survey of Europe,no.3(2003):125.
12.Mark R.Beissinger,Nationalist Mobilization and the Collapse of the Soviet State(Cambridge,2002),147-199.
13.Quoted in Edward W.Walker,Dissolution:Sovereignty and the Breakup of the Soviet Union(Lanham,MD,2003),88.
14.Soiuz mozhno bylo sokhranit'.Belaia kniga.Dokumenty i fakty o politike M.S.Gorbacheva po reformirovaniiu i sokhraneniiu mnogonatsional'nogo gosudarsta,2nd ed.(Moscow,2007),150-155;Yegor Likhachev,Inside Gorbachev's Kremlin(New York,1996);Archie Brown,The Gorbachev Factor(Oxford,1996);Archie Brown,Seven Years That Changed the World:Perestroika in Perspective(Oxford,2007).
15.V Politbiuro TsK KPSS po zapisiam Anatoliia Cherniaeva,Vadima Medvedeva,Georgiia Shakhnazarova(1985-1991)(Moscow,2000),499,529;Beissinger,Nationalist Mobilization,405.
16.Roman Szporluk,"Dilemmas of Russian Nationalism,"in Russia,Ukraine and the Breakup of the Soviet Union(Stanford,2000),183-228;Beissinger,Nationalist Mobilization,390-396,401-416;Walker,Dissolution,78-81.
17.Eduard Shevardnadze to James Baker,Moscow,January20,1991,James A.Baker Papers,box102,folder35.
18.Cherniaev,Sovmestnyi iskhod,862-863.
19.Gorbachev,Memoirs,326-347,569-607;Walker,Dissolution,55-136.
20.Szporluk,"Dilemmas of Russian Nationalism,"188-198;Cherniaev,Sovmestnyi iskhod,947,961;Valerii Boldin,Krushenie p'edestala.Shtrikhi k portretu M.S.Gorbacheva(Moscow,1995).
21.Soiuz mozhno bylo sokhranit',268-283.
22."President.USSR.Designated Gifts,"Bush Presidential Library,Presidential Records,Office of the First Lady,Scheduling,Ann Brock Series:Moscow Summit,Monday7/29/91to Thursday8/1/91-Moscow and Kiev,USSR[[3]].
23.Colton,Yeltsin,171-173;Boris Yeltsin,"Quotation of the Day,"New York Times,September11,1989.
24.Robert M.Gates,From the Shadows:The Ultimate Insider's Story of Five Presidents and How They Won the Cold War(New York,1996),478-479;Bush and Scowcroft,A World Transformed,141-143;Beschloss and Talbott,At the Highest Levels,103-104.
25.Gates,From the Shadows,503;Bush and Scowcroft,A World Transformed,142-143;Colton,Yeltsin,172.
26."Luncheon with President Mikhail Gorbachev of the USSR,"July30,1991,Bush Presidential Library,Memcons and Telcons,[domain].
27."Memorandum of Conversation.Meeting with Boris Yeltsin,President of the Republic of Russia,"July30,1991,Bush Presidential Library,Memcons and Telcons,[domain] White House Office of the Press Secretary.Remarksof President Bush and President Yeltsin in Press Availability,"July30,1991,Bush Presidential Library,Presidential Records,National Security Council,Nicholas R.Burns and Ed A.Hewett Series:POTUS Meetings,March1991-July1991:Moscow Summit,July1991,no.1.28.Beschloss and Talbott,At the Highest Levels,412-413;"Points to Be Made for Meeting with President Yeltsin,"Bush Presidential Library,Presidential Records,National Security Council,Nicholas R.Burns Series,Subject Files:POTUS Trip to Moscow and Kiev,July27-August1,1991,no.1;G.Alimov,"Ukaz o departizatsii nachnet deistvovat's4avgusta.Bush-Yeltsin-Gorbachev,"Argumenty i fakty,no.30(August30,1991):7;Jessica Lee,"Pool Report no.10.President Bush Visits Boris Yeltsin and Stops at Tsereteli Studio,"Moscow,USSR,Tuesday,July30,1991,Bush Presidential Library,Presidential Records,National Security Council,Nicholas R.Burns Series,Subject Files:Moscow Summit-Press Releases,Fact Sheets,Remarks,no.2.
29.Bush and Scowcroft,A World Transformed,509;Alimov,"Ukaz o departizatsii,"7.
沙弱的基辅演讲
1."Nuclear Weapon Effects from Hiroshima to Nagasaki to the Present and Beyond:A BroadGauged Analysis with New Information Regarding Simultaneous Detonations and Firestorms,"Nukefix,[domain].
2.Jack Matlock,Autopsy on an Empire:The American Ambassador's Account of the Collapse of the Soviet Union(New York,1994),464-465;Michael R.Beschloss and Strobe Talbott,At the Highest Levels:The Inside Story of the End of the Cold War(Boston,1993),408-410.
3.Sergei Solodkin,"Glavredu udalos'razdobyt'v Londone sensatsionnye zapisi besed Mikhaila Sergeevicha s inostrannymi politikami,"Glavred,October5,2009,[domain].
4."Russians Divided over Baltics'Independence,"April12,1991,USIA Research Memorandum,National Archives and Records Administration,RG306,box49,M52-91.
